Long-staple cotton is named after its longer fiber, and is also called sea island cotton, which is a cultivated cotton species. It belongs to the genus Gossypium of the family Malvaceae. Long-staple cotton has a long growth period and requires a large amount of heat. Under the same heat conditions, the growth period of long-staple cotton is 10-15 days longer than that of upland cotton. It was originally produced in South America and was later introduced to the southeastern coastal islands of North America. After liberation, China successfully introduced foreign species in Hebei (Xingtai; Hengshui; Handan), Shandong (partial), Turpan Basin and Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. There are some hybrid varieties with sea island cotton as the male parent and upland cotton as the female parent. The fiber is longer, but the fineness and strength cannot reach the indicators of sea island cotton, commonly known as long-staple upland cotton.

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Long-staple cotton (Egyptian long-staple cotton) is also called fine-staple cotton. The long-staple cotton from Egypt is the most famous in the world, so it is also called the Egyptian long-staple cotton.